Aegerter et al. (2020) reported that influenza-induced alveolar macrophages produced more interleukin-6 (IL-6) and had better resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. Yao et al. (2018) documented that viral infection induce long-acting memory alveolar macrophages and control bacterial infection. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.