Lastly, urinary NGAL performed 2 days after hospitalization for acute HF differentiated true WRF from pseudo-WRF based on AKI with or without clinical improvement (AUC-ROC 0.83, 0.73–0.93), (22) was associated with a 5-fold risk of AKI, (46) but failed to predict AKI-to-CKD transition (47). This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and acute kidney injury.