Owing to the linkage disequilibrium with APOE (Simonovitch et al., 2019), TOMM40 expression is closely associated with APOE expression (Mise et al., 2017), and APOE-TOMM40-APOC1 variants are strongly associated with a high instance of AD (Gottschalk et al., 2014; Kulminski et al., 2022). Here, APOE is linked to Alzheimer disease.