HMGB1 and medical procedure: EGCG has also been shown to protect against (1) cytokine storm-related acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (48, 53), (2) thrombosis through inhibition of tissue factor and activation of platelets (54), (3) inactivation of redox-sensitive HMGB1-induced sepsis (55), and (4) pulmonary fibrosis by increasing Nrf2 and inhibiting NF-κB (13).