REN and hypertensive disorder: The prevalence of hypertension is higher in individuals with MAFLD, indicating an important relationship to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic autonomic nervous systems (Ryoo et al., 2014; Lorbeer et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2020; Zhou and Cen, 2020).