TLR4 and Parkinson disease: In line with this, an in vivo study on the MPTP mice model reported that the absence of TLR4 inhibited dopamine depletion, reduced α-synuclein-positive neurons, alleviated PD-associated neuroinflammation modifications in inflammasome pathways, and induced changes in the performance of transcription factors such as NF-κB and activator protein 1 [101].