TLR2 and Parkinson disease: In a study on the MPTP mice model of PD, the oral administration of AA reduced MPTP-induced apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative effects and also attenuated α-synuclein, TLR2, TLR4, and NF-kB expression, increased striatal levels of BDNF, dopamine, and neurotrophic factors in a dose-dependent manner [92].