VEGFC and neoplasm: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by a reactive desmoplastic stroma containing enriched cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that express vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), resulting in expansion of the lymphatic vasculature and tumor cell intravasation [34].