Compared with clusters characterized by a high (>50%) contribution of effector CD8+ T cells from tumor tissue (C4,5,7_CD8), cells in C8,9,10,11_CD8, which were mainly populated with cells from tumors (Extended Data Fig. 2c), exhibited markedly higher gene accessibility for dysfunction-related genes (Figs. 1d and 2a and Extended Data Fig. 4a,b). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.