ADAM15 was identified as a candidate protective biomarker of individuals without AMS and was selected by the machine learning-based model, with high accuracy (panel, AUC = 0.95; single, AUC = 0.80) in distinguishing nAMS1k and nAMS4k (Fig. 3d, Supplementary Fig. 9c). The gene discussed is ADAM15; the disease is ablepharon macrostomia syndrome.