In addition, Martín-Maestro et al. also observed in AD-affected brains a downregulation of the expression of various proteins known to participate to autophagy and mitophagy processes, namely Optineurin (OPTN), ATG5, ATG12, Beclin-1 (Bcl-1), PI3K class III, ULK1, AMBRA1, BNIP3, BNIP3L, FUNDC1, VDAC1, and VCP/P97 [14]. Here, VCP is linked to Alzheimer disease.