PTPN11 and Insulin resistance: Hepatocellular carcinoma is closely associated with liver inflammation, as over 90% of all hepatocellular carcinomas arise from liver injury and chronic inflammation.105 Liu et al. reported that knockout of SHP2 in mouse macrophages led to high-fat-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in association with increased inflammatory IL-18 and IL-1β secretion.88 A study conducted in hepatocyte-specific SHP2 knockout mice showed that SHP2 depletion attenuated hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.