To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first large-scale prospective cohort among middle-aged and elderly Chinese to explore the relationship between discordance of apoB, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C and atherosclerosis, i.e., arterial stiffness as manifested by elevated baPWV or PP, and elevated CIMT. The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is atherosclerosis.