Among the 410 CpG mediators of adult SES and BMI, the top-ranking CpG sites included cg15633603 and cg10508317 in the body and 5′UTR of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), which encodes a protein that suppresses signaling by inflammatory cytokines such as leptin and interleukin-6 signaling that are upregulated in obesity (83). Here, LEP is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.