VPS45 and cyst: Nematodes had developed from J3 to late J4 stages in roots infected with SCN5 at 8, 10, and 12 days (Figure 1B) when compared with J2, J3, or a few early J4 stages in roots infected with SCN4 (Figure 1A), confirming 09-138 is resistant to SCN4 (cyst number/plant, 13 ± SE 2.7; female index, FI = 10) and susceptible to SCN5 (cyst number/plant, 119 ± SE 8.16; FI = 40) (Huang et al., 2022).