VPS45 and infection: For example, the expression level of PR1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1, Glyma.15G062400), which is involved in multiple pathways not only plant hormone signal transduction (SA) but also MAPK signaling and plant–pathogen interaction, was increased by more than 5-fold in soybean by the SCN4 (6.5-fold) and SCN5 (5.2-fold) infections when compared with the control.