PDCD1 and lung cancer: The opening of new clinical trials using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1), and PD1 ligand (PDL1), have shown complete success only on a small fraction of patients with melanoma and lung cancers, and possible reasons are still unknown (21).