KEAP1 and liver cancer: Mutations in the KEAP1 gene, causing destabilized Nrf2/Keap1 relation and excessive Nrf2 activity, are associated with occurrence and chemoresistance in leukemia, lung, breast, colon, gastric, and liver cancer (Padmanabhan et al., 2006; Hayes and McMahon, 2009; Rushworth and Macewan, 2011; Yoo et al., 2012; Ganan-Gomez et al., 2013).