This study demonstrated that blocking the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1 pathway significantly reduced OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration into per bronchial regions, and reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF, while also reversing the Th17/Treg cell balance in asthmatic patients with neutrophilic airway inflammation (NAIR). Here, NLRP3 is linked to airway hyperresponsiveness.