MDM2 and malignant colon neoplasm: For example, Fu et al. reported that ARC15 and ARC17 induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells by increasing PUMA expression and activating mitochondria, which is related to cell cycle arrest induced by increased p21 expression, inhibition of proteasome activity and MDM2 expression, and p53 activation and accumulation (Fu et al., 2018).