TNF and cancer: This can be well-exemplified by taking the TNFR2+ TIL population as a test case: the fact that unlike published reports on the Treg identify of CD4+ TNFR2+ lymphocytes (46, 60–67), TNFR2+ TILs were connected to improved survival in TNBC patients and with potential cytotoxic activities of CD8+ TNFR2+ TILs in mouse TNBC tumors (68, 69), suggests that targeting TNFR2 in chemotherapy-treated TNBC patients may be harmful; administration of TNFα inhibitors may reduce the proliferation of CD8+ TNFR2+ CTLs and limit the potential of raising potent immune activities against the cancer cells.