NOS1 and bacterial infectious disease: We found that dead E. coli induced the expression of CanA1 at 12, 24, and 48 h in S2 cells (Figure 7A), and that addition of NO donor NOC also induced the expression of CanA1 at 12 and 24 h (Figure 7B), which indicates that bacterial infection and NO increased expression of CanA1. However, knockdown of NOS suppressed the induction of CanA1 by E. coli (Figure 7C), suggesting that CanA1 might be downstream of NO signal.