TNF and gram-positive bacterial infections: Subunit calcineurin A1 can directly receive the signal of NO and act on Relish without the components of IMD pathway, subunits protein phosphatase 2B-14D and calcineurin A-14F directly activate Dorsal/Dif activity dependent on the calcium level altered by Gram-positive bacterial infections (41), suggesting that the regulation of AMPs production by calcineurin subunit A is directly mediated by NF-κB and independent of Toll/IMD pathways.