Several analyses (86–91) of patient samples involving ovarian cancer, NSCLC, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) suggested an association between low circulating or infiltrating PD-L1+ CD8+ T-cells and prolonged survival, but high PD-L1+ CD8+ T-cell levels predicted a better anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy response. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.