Generally, the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is involved in tumor immune escape via antigen-presenting cell (APC) or tumor cell surface PD-L1 mediating suppression of PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells and blocking PD-1/PD-L1 ligation can reinvigorate anti-tumor adaptive immunity (20, 23). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.