NLRP3 is phosphorylated by Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) (64–67), Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) (68), Transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) (69) and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 (ERK1) (70) in infection models. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and infection.