Subsequently, through binding to their cognate cellular receptors and Janus kinase (JAK)-dependent phosphorylation, IFNs activate transcription factors of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, which turn on the anti-viral state and render cells more resistant to virus infection and thereby limits virus spread. Here, SOAT1 is linked to viral infectious disease.