TNF and liver dysplastic nodule: Moreover, our results showed that Rack1 was highly expressed in DN in vivo and in vitro by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot, and it could regulate the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines Mcp-1 and Tnf-α in mesangial cells cultured with high or low glucose by qRT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).