NOS2 and chronic kidney disease: Chen et al. detected significant upregulation of inflammatory factors including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), downregulation of pro-oxidant genes p47phox, and downregulation of antioxidant systems [nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2), catalase, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutamate transporter protein-1 (GSH-1)] in blood and urine specimens from 180 CKD patients (Chen et al., 2017).