AFP and cancer: And a recent study mentioned that prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) might be reliable for cancer screening in dialysis patients, while total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) and β2-microglobulin (β2-M) might be of some value in patients after renal transplantation (Amiri, 2016).