MTOR and depressive symptom measurement: CUMS exposure also significantly decreased GSH, BDNF, phosphorylation of AKT, and mTOR in PFC [50, 51, 93], and antioxidant drugs such as resveratrol [93], 5-HT [95], or carvedilol [96] can increase BDNF, AKT, and mTOR and decrease oxidative stress, significantly alleviating depression.