Therefore, SCFA, as an important regulator of body metabolism, play a key role in affecting adipose tissue metabolism, lipid oxidation capacity, β cell function and insulin secretion, suggesting that there is a mutual relationship among the microbiota, SCFA, and metabolism and that they may be potential targets for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases (Figure 3). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.