PDK1 and neoplasm: The HIF-1α could induce the activation of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) to catalyze the conversion of pyruvate to lactate, accordingly promote glycolysis to produce ATP in the anoxic tumor microenvironment (Valvona et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2018; Nagao et al., 2019).