ATXN3 and Ataxia: SCA3 mice had a higher ataxia index than wild types as early as 12 weeks (wild-type 0.074±0.029, SCA3 0.202±0.083, P<0.0001), with the ataxia index further increasing at 34 weeks (wild-type 0.112±0.023, SCA3 0.476±0.211, P<0.0001) and 60 weeks (wild-type 0.111±0.035, SCA3 1.645±1.51, P=0.0003) of age (Fig. 1C-E).