SERPINE1 and COVID-19: When comparing patients with COVID-19 with other CAP groups, the plasma concentrations of PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis) were higher (P<0·01 between COVID-19 and CAP-other), while the levels of thrombomodulin (an anticoagulant produced by endothelial cells) were lower, although the latter lost significance after adjusting for covariates (ANCOVA P=0·34).