Elevations in IL-10 were present in both individuals with DS alone and DSRD, which is confirmatory of this hypothesis, although there was a statistically significant difference in the presence of elevations in sIL2 and TNF-alpha in individuals with DSRD compared to DS alone indicating that the former cohort has a potential cytokine signaling and/or inflammatory pathology present. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Dravet syndrome.