TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Our results showed that ischemic preconditioning andpostconditioning could reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, limit theincrease of MDA and decrease the level of SOD in lung tissues after myocardial IR.It could significantly inhibit the activation of ERS-related molecules such asGRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 in lung tissues, and reduce the apoptosis of lung cells.Liu et al.[41] and other studiesshowed that IPOST and IPRE had the same effect in reducing lung injury in ALI modelafter intestinal IR.