CP and infection: Fecally contaminatedwaters can be a source for human infections.We investigated the occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli) and antibiotic-resistant E. coli, namely, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) and carbapenemase-producing E.coli (CP-EC) in the Dutch–German transboundary catchmentof the Vecht River.