Our results demonstrated that IL-1α, TNFα, and C1q were highly upregulated in the brain 3 days after tMCAO and increased of A1 astrocyte transformation was detected in the perifocal area after ischemic stroke, while this phenomenon was absent in the nonstroke brain, indicating that ischemic stroke-activated microglia could release these cytokines and promote resting A0 astrocytes toward an A1 astrocyte transformation. Here, TNF is linked to ischemic stroke.