Reduces fasting blood insulin levels by 20-40%Reduces or resolves insulin resistance, including type 2 diabetesInduces 10% weight loss over 1-2 yearsLowers triglycerides, increases HDL, and increases LDL particle sizeSubstantially reduces liver fat in NAFLDDecreases hypertensionSuppresses inflammationLowers predicted risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular eventsImproves quality of life in cancerImproves cognition, daily function, and quality of life in ADImproves multiple nonmotor symptoms in PD. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.