These studies showed that numerous immune-related genes were upregulated upon infection with various pathogens, as is the case for Toll-like receptors (tlrs), NOD-like receptors (nlrs), janus kinases (jaks), transporter (tap), signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (stats) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3), implying that resistance to stress is proportional to the expression levels of certain immune-related genes. This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and infection.