TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Colonoids from both non-IBD (n = 4) and UC (n = 4) donors (D3-D6 and D7-D10, Table 1) were pre-treated with 50 μM of Tofacitinib or 10 μM of Budesonide on day 11 in differentiation media and refreshed with new differentiation media and drugs on day 13 and one-hour before stimulation with TNF+Poly(I:C) on day 14.