P53 also plays a critical role in non-neoplastic diseases including renal fibrosis and CKD, which acts as a critical co-factor for several key fibrotic and cell cycle effectors including TGF-β1, CTGF, PAI-1, P21 (Kortlever et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2010; Samarakoon et al., 2012). Here, CDKN1A is linked to renal fibrosis.