In addition to the most-commonly altered COSMIC Tier 1 genes, there is a long tail of both cancer-associated and other mutated genes that may play a role in urothelial carcinogenesis and require further investigation; examples include BIRC6, the catalytic arg-200 of GNA13, and Q383H in AHR (Additional file 1: Table S2) [59]. Here, AHR is linked to cancer.