The colchicine displays its anti-inflammatory effect through inhibition of interleukn-1 (IL-1) and IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and NLRP3 inflammasome, and it is used to prevent the complication of the coronary artery disease (e.g., cardiac arrhythmia). Here, CSF2 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.