Thus, we measured plasma levels of EVs expressing molecules important for B and T cell signaling (CD40 and CD40L), molecules with immune modulatory activities (PD-L1, B7 immune checkpoint molecule B7-H3 [CD276], and ICAM-1 [CD54)]), TNF-RII, the receptor for TNFα and an indicator of clinical response to treatment and survival in AIDS-NHL16,17; IL-6Rα, which is part of the IL-6 receptor, and a molecule involved in the regulation of cell death, Fas Ligand (FasL). Here, CD40 is linked to AIDS.