In this study, we measured plasma concentrations of PD-L1-expressing EVs and compared those with clinical and pathologic features of patients with AIDS-NHL who were taking part in the AMC-034 trial, such as HIV viral load, CD4+ T cell count, tumor subtype, response to cancer treatment, patient outcome measures, and evaluated associations with plasma levels of molecules important for AIDS-NHL risk16,17. Here, CD274 is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.