ATF4 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma: To investigate the relevance of our findings in human malignancies, we analysed the expression of Col1a1, Acta2 and multiple other genes in relation to ATF4 activity in different cohorts of patients with skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) and patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.