Multiple genetic loci were identified for OSA, CRP and TNF-α in recently published genomewide association studies (GWAS), and the GWAS summary statistics for OSA (217,955 participants), CRP (341,805 individuals) and TNF-α (3454 individuals) are available [19–21], making it possible to conduct a powerful MR analysis. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.