On the other hand, activation of corticosteroid receptors of astrocytes leads to the release of neuroinflammatory mediators such as high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), of importance because neuroinflammation is considered a mechanism contributing to depression-like behaviors (Hisaoka-Nakashima et al., 2020). Here, HMGB1 is linked to depressive symptom measurement.