DSG1 and breast carcinoma: For instance, DSG could arrest the cell cycle at the G2/M phase by regulating the Cdc25C-Cdc2-cyclin B pathway in human breast cancer cells7, exert tumour-suppressive function by inhibiting Cdc20 in osteosarcoma cells8, induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human cholangiocarcinoma cells and apoptosis via suppression of Skp2 in human breast cancer cells5,9, inhibit the activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in colorectal cancer cells6, and so on.