In addition, ppp-TGF-β with RIG-I activation also induced much more release of type I interferon and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), thus resulting in activation of CD8+ T cells and potent tumor cell apoptosis in orthotopic mouse model (Ellermeier et al., 2013). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.