CXCL1 and neoplasm: When we evaluated the cytokine expression in the TME using Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) assay, we found that the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ, TNFα, IL2, and Keratinocyte Chemoattractant/human Growth-Regulated Oncogene (KC/GRO) were upregulated in ITI-1001-treated tumors (p ≤ 0.1), supporting the tumor T-cell activation data observed by flow cytometry.