The purpose of this study was to define the role of several biomarkers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), galectin-3 (Gal-3)), OxS (oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)), and fibrosis (myeloperoxidase (MPO), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)) in patients with AF episodes. Here, NPPB is linked to atrial fibrillation.