TP53 and neoplasm: Notably, ROS is capable of directly mediating the phosphorylation and activation of the p38 MAPK stress signaling pathway which converge on p53 and p21 to execute tumor suppressor functions in a broad spectrum of cancers (Avisetti et al., 2014[4]; Choi et al., 2018[15]; Kim et al., 2018[38]).