These findings offer a promising new vision into the predictive value of EV PD-L1 since previous studies on melanoma [13, 39] failed to report the independent role in the multivariate analysis for survival and those in NSCLC reported no predictive value of EV PD-L1 [16], possibly due to the abovementioned differences between protein and mRNA levels on EV PD-L1 and the different protocols used. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.